Which Islamic empire controlled territory in Europe
The Ottoman Empire was one of the mightiest and longest-lasting dynasties in world history. This Islamic-run superpower ruled large areas of the Middle East, Eastern Europe and North Africa for more than 600 years.
What was a major factor in the decline of the Ottoman Empire
An important factor in the decline was the increasing lack of ability and power of the sultans themselves. Süleyman tired of the campaigns and arduous duties of administration and withdrew more and more from public affairs to devote himself to the pleasures of his harem.
How was Constantinople affected by its location
History of Constantinople
The city was already considered powerful because of its geographic location in Asia and Europe; it had a large port that surrounded three out of four sides of the city, which benefited the commerce and defense sectors of the city.
How did the Ottoman Empire consolidate power
To consolidate their Empire the Ottoman Sultans formed groups of fanatical fighters – the orders of the Janissaries, a crack infantry group of slaves and Christian converts to Islam. The Ottomans inflicted a series of defeats on the declining Christian Byzantine Empire and then quickly expanded westward.
What countries were conquered by Muslims
Over a period of about 30 years, Arab warriors, riding fast horses and camels, conquered the entire Persian empire and much of the Byzantine. The conquered lands included Egypt, Syria, Iran, Iraq, and much of Afghanistan and Baluchistan.
Who stopped the spread of Islam in Western Europe
leader Charles Martel
At the Battle of Tours near Poitiers, France, Frankish leader Charles Martel, a Christian, defeats a large army of Spanish Moors, halting the Muslim advance into Western Europe.
Who defeated the Ottomans
The Turks almost captured the Empire's capital of Vienna, but the King of Poland, John III Sobieski led a Christian alliance that defeated them in the Battle of Vienna, which shook the Ottoman Empire's hegemony in south-eastern Europe.
How were the Ottomans defeated
Upon the Ottomans' defeat in World War I, a combination of nationalist movements and partition agreements among the Allied powers forced its disintegration into numerous territories, with Turkey as the empire's immediate successor.
Who defeated the Ottoman Empire
Finally, after fighting on the side of Germany in World War I and suffering defeat, the empire was dismantled by treaty and came to an end in 1922, when the last Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed VI, was deposed and left the capital of Constantinople (now Istanbul) in a British warship.
How did Europe react to the fall of Constantinople
Europeans regarded the news with a mixture of shock, anger, fear and fascination. It unleashed a flood of calls for crusade, religious sermons and a general preoccupation with the 'Turkish menace'.
How did Turkey convert to Islam
Islam in Turkey dates back to the 8th century, when Turkic tribes fought alongside Arab Muslims against Chinese forces at the Battle of Talas in 751 A.D. Spurred by the influence of ruling dynasties, many people converted to Islam over the next few centuries.
Why was the Ottoman Empire so successful
The empire's success lay in its centralized structure as much as its territory: Control of some of the world's most lucrative trade routes led to vast wealth, while its impeccably organized military system led to military might.
When was Islam defeated in Europe
732
In the 720s and 730s, Arab and Berber Muslim forces fought and raided north of the Pyrenees, well into what is now France, reaching as north as Tours, where they were eventually defeated and repelled by the Christian Franks in 732 to their Iberian and North African territories.
What religion is fastest growing
Modern growth. Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the world. In 1990, 1.1 billion people were Muslims, while in 2010, 1.6 billion people were Muslims.
Who saved Europe from the Muslims
Sobieski was popular among his subjects and was an able military commander, winning wider fame for his victory over Kara Mustafa's army at the 1683 Battle of Vienna, by doing which the Polish King prevented Islam from deluging Europe.
Who defeated the Muslims in France
Charles Martel
Battle of Tours, also called Battle of Poitiers, (October 732), victory won by Charles Martel, the de facto ruler of the Frankish kingdoms, over Muslim invaders from Spain.
Who saved Europe from Ottoman Empire
Jan Sobieski
On September 12th, in an open battle before Vienna, the Ottoman army was defeated, and the city escaped pillage and destruction. There is probably no book on the general history of Europe that does not record these events. The Chief Commander of the army that rescued Vienna was the Polish King, Jan Sobieski.
Who ruined the Ottoman Empire
The occupation of Constantinople (Istanbul), along with the occupation of Smyrna (Izmir), mobilized the Turkish national movement, which ultimately won the Turkish War of Independence. The formal abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate was performed by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on 1 November 1922.
Who finally defeated the Ottomans
Finally, after fighting on the side of Germany in World War I and suffering defeat, the empire was dismantled by treaty and came to an end in 1922, when the last Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed VI, was deposed and left the capital of Constantinople (now Istanbul) in a British warship.
Did Britain beat Ottomans
The Turks fought fiercely and successfully defended the Gallipoli Peninsula against a massive Allied invasion in 1915-1916, but by 1918 defeat by invading British and Russian forces and an Arab revolt had combined to destroy the Ottoman economy and devastate its land, leaving some six million people dead and millions …
Which country destroyed the Ottoman Empire
Finally, after fighting on the side of Germany in World War I and suffering defeat, the empire was dismantled by treaty and came to an end in 1922, when the last Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed VI, was deposed and left the capital of Constantinople (now Istanbul) in a British warship.
What did the Europeans think of the Ottomans
Most Europeans continued to fear the Ottoman army as they had two centuries earlier, and, although its ability was reduced, it remained strong enough to prevent the provincial rebels from assuming complete control and even to make a few more significant conquests in both East and West.
When was Islam banned in Turkey
In Turkey, secularism or laicism (or laïcité) was first introduced with the 1928 amendment of the Constitution of 1924, which removed the provision declaring that the "Religion of the State is Islam", and with the later reforms of Turkey's first president Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, which set the administrative and …
What religion were Turkish before Islam
Most of the Turkic peoples were followers of Tengrism, sharing the cult of the sky god Tengri, although there were also adherents of Manichaeism, Nestorian Christianity, and Buddhism. However, during the Muslim conquests, the Turks entered the Muslim world proper as slaves, the booty of Arab raids and conquests.
Which empire lasted the longest
Using those criteria, the ranking is follows:Empire of Japan: minimum 1703 years to date (see above)Byzantine Empire: 874 years (uninterrupted from 330 to 1204)Holy Roman Empire: 844 years (962-1806)Zhou Empire: 790 years (1046–256 BCE)Ethiopian Empire: 666 years (1270-1936)Khmer Empire: 629 years (802–1431)
